PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker
MedicalHealth & Fitness

PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker

Newborn Breastfeed Sleep Log

PiyoLog Inc.

How much does PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker cost?

Prices are current as of 5 Oct 2026.

2 subscriptions from $3.49

In the United States, PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker has 2 subscriptions priced $3.49 – 34.99. Free trials run 14 days or 1 month.

SubscriptionPeriodPrice
PiyoLog Premium Monthly PlanMonthlyTrial: 14 days$3.49
PiyoLog Premium Annual PlanAnnualTrial: 1 month$34.99

10+ alternatives to PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker

The going rate for each plan in United States, in its own currency, shaded from the cheapest price on the row to the dearest. Plans fewer than four in ten of the priced apps sell are left out.

PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker reviews

4.8 out of 5, based on 160,257 reviews.

What people like

  • Easy to share logs with multiple caregivers
  • Very simple and intuitive to use daily
  • Apple Watch integration is super convenient
  • Free version covers most basic needs well

What they complain about

  • Loud ads play randomly and startle babies
  • Syncing fails or breaks after updates
  • Widgets stop working or disappear entirely
  • Time logging is stuck in five-minute blocks
★★★★★ United States · v9.2.8 · 31 Jul 2026

Baby care all in one

The app is easy to use with collaborative feature with family and care givers. My personal favorite feature is the Apple Watch log. It’s so convenient for moms who don’t have phone with them while logging the baby activities. The breastfeeding stopwatch + alarm 💯

— Shilezzzz

★☆☆☆☆ Japan · v9.2.7 · 29 Jul 2026

銃声の広告音が最悪💢

アプリ自体はいいんですがそれを覆すくらいムカつくのが、銃声の広告音💢 広告自体はミュートモードになってるはずなのに(もしくはその広告だけミュートが外れる?)大音量で鳴り響く 深夜に母子共にウトウトしてる時にこれが何回か起きて恐怖と怒りで気が狂う 本当にどうにかしてください

— りんごごごごごお

★★★★☆ Japan · v9.2.8 · 23 Aug 2026

発達の記録もつけられたらベスト

アイコンを選ぶだけで記録できるので忘れづらくとても良いです。健診の時に「これいつできたっけ…」となることが多いので、首座りなど、簡単な発達の記録も選んで残しておけるようになると良いなあと思います。

— Harurururu24

★★☆☆☆ Japan · v9.2.9 · 24 Aug 2026

トータル表示が小さくて見にくい

文字の設定を特大にしても、トータル表示(ミルク、おしっこ、うんち、寝る、起きる、離乳食)などの表示が小さいままなので、使いにくいです。今、ミルクどのくらい飲んだかなって確認する時に文字が小さくて見えん!ストレスの原因になります!文字を大きくしてください!

— Δプラス

★★★☆☆ Japan · v9.2.5 · 5 Jul 2026

アプデ毎にウィジット不具合

アプリのアップデートをすると毎回ウィジェットが不具合になります。 本当に不便なので改善してください。

— ♡ͥ ❁

★★★★★ United States · v9.0.1 · 25 Oct 2025

推薦

非常實用而且好操作

— galagalawala

★☆☆☆☆ Canada · v9.1.6 · 21 Apr 2026

It’s okay

The ads are so annoying

— yukisakaetakako

★★★★☆ Japan · v9.2.8 · 7 Aug 2026

とてもいい!

シンプルなデザインで色々な項目を記録で残しておけるので助かる。 一つ要望。母乳の飲んだ量を10mlごとではなく20ml以降も5ml単位で記録を残せるようにしてほしい。

— rih/rin

★★☆☆☆ Japan · v9.2.7 · 17 Jul 2026

いいけど

おしっことうんちの両方の表示がおしっこ。うんち。ではなく両方でいい。 イラストが可愛くない

— 橋まん

★★★☆☆ Japan · v9.2.4 · 2 Jul 2026

音の出る広告はやめて欲しいです

夜中の授乳中に突然爆音で広告の音楽が流れて最悪でした。何も操作してないトップ画面です。 赤ちゃん抱えながらだったため対応もできず、、課金誘導にしても赤ちゃん用のアプリとしては困るので改善いただけると嬉しいです

— 通りたがり

★★★★★ United States · v9.0.0 · 17 Oct 2025

Love this app

Great app for new parents. Thank you for making this great app!!

— Kiyomi1020

★☆☆☆☆ Canada · v8.3.2 · 30 Sept 2025

Apple watch not Connect

cannot connect with apple watch.

— kellyyyhuhhhu

★★★★☆ Australia · v9.2.7 · 19 Jul 2026

Logo changes

The logo changes are not good. The old logos stood out as different and much easier to read visually. The redesign did feel like a downgrade visually.

— fffuuuuuaaappllee

★★☆☆☆ China · v9.2.1 · 16 Jun 2026

时间

时间不精细 总是五分五分间隔

— 点1点。

★★★☆☆ Japan · v9.2.1 · 16 Jun 2026

広告が……

ある広告の音声が勝手に流れて困ります。

— Naomi♪(´ε` )

★★★★★ United States · v8.3.1 · 5 Jul 2025

Best nursing app that can share with family members

Love the app! I used it for over a year now and the free version is sufficient for our needs! You can sync with multiple devices so it is very convenient to share baby status with other care takers and family members! I wish I could give 10 stars! Highly recommended!

— Starryxy

★☆☆☆☆ United States · v8.3.2 · 29 Sept 2025

喂奶计时颗粒度太粗

喂奶开始时间不能选择具体时间,只能选择5分钟一个间隔,喂养婴儿是个精细活儿,产品设计不合理,不接地气

— 🍊🐱🐱

★★★★☆ United States · v8.2.9 · 15 Apr 2025

一定要下载的育儿记录app

页面可爱、功能齐全还可以多端共享数据。唯一的缺点是长辈使用的时候因为没办法放大字体看不清楚。希望可以增加调整字体大小的功能。

— 旺仔小派

★★☆☆☆ Japan · v9.2.0 · 4 Jun 2026

アプデしたら前回の授乳から何分経ったか見れなくなった

何分前か見れなくて不便

— 食べたかったんだ〜〜

★★★☆☆ Japan · v9.2.1 · 13 Jun 2026

広告の音が急に鳴る

いつも大変お世話になっております。 タップするだけで楽に記録できるので、夫婦で利用しています。 とても便利で今後も利用していきたいのですが、ここ最近、急に広告の音楽が鳴るようになりました。 特にタップしたわけでなく、アプリを開いていたら急に。 アラームの関係上、音を大きくしているので夜間の授乳に鳴ると子どももびっくりしてしまいます。 アプリを開く毎に鳴るわけではないのですが、1日一回程度起こる現象なので、改善願います。

— あかハハ

★★★★★ United States · v8.2.9 · 9 Apr 2025

Simply amazing and life saver!

My baby and I love this app!!!

— jchen67

★☆☆☆☆ Singapore · v8.2.7 · 10 Feb 2025

Recent app update

After the recent app update, sleep and wake up data disappeared. The app is also not able to sync with others and widgets..

— W0e1i2

★★★★☆ United States · v8.2.2 · 15 Jan 2025

Great app but need one improvement

Can I have an option to always display hour? Right now only the first entry in an hour has hour displayed.

— L1BER4TED

★★☆☆☆ Japan · v9.1.7 · 19 May 2026

改悪アプデ

アップルウォッチシリーズ3で使用していましたがアップデートに伴い使用できなくなって非常にショック…こんな事ならばアプデしなければ良かった。残念でならない。

— shimashimashimamon

★★★☆☆ Taiwan · v9.1.6 · 4 May 2026

更新後捷徑失效

更新後捷徑失效

— Meowcat999

★★★★★ United States · v8.1.0 · 4 Jan 2025

Really well made app

Super easy to log events. Analytics are super clear and helpful. Ads are not annoying at all. Mad props to the team who developed this.

— bhonbk

★☆☆☆☆ United States · v7.15.4 · 19 Jun 2024

Too many Ads

Can hardly log

— Makas96

★★★★☆ United States · v7.17.2 · 27 Jul 2024

字體變小

進版到最新版本後。字體變小了。例如選擇配方奶。選好時間。要設定幾毫升時。幾毫升的數字和文字都變小了

— qwsedxf

★★☆☆☆ Taiwan · v9.0.5 · 5 Jan 2026

照片無法紀錄

昨天開始 照片無法紀錄

— 綠吉娜

★★★☆☆ Taiwan · v9.1.0 · 15 Jan 2026

廣告會突然播很大聲

可以接受有廣告,但可以不要有那種突然很大聲播出來的廣告影片嗎?會嚇到寶寶

— Qwerg2456

★★★★★ United States · v7.17.1 · 22 Jul 2024

Simply great

Used it for my first kid and now using with my second one! Love it!

— Lu_88

★☆☆☆☆ Australia · v7.15.4 · 29 May 2024

Needs Notifications

It’s surprising that this app does not has the option to have notifications. For example, as a father away from home, I would like to know when my baby has woken up. So when my wife adds a “Wake up” log I get a notification that a log has been added. This would be very useful! Also, why no “crying” log icon? I want to track crying patterns.

— New Episode?

★★★★☆ Australia · v7.12.2 · 27 Jan 2024

Overall it’s pretty good

Using since baby born, been pretty good. Just if the growth chart can reflect the WHO percentages will be even better. Hope it makes sense.

— Yaway Lyn

★★☆☆☆ Taiwan · v8.3.1 · 13 Aug 2025

廣告的聲音很擾人

我真的很喜歡這個app,讓我在育兒路上輕鬆很多,介面都很清楚很好用,從孩子出生用了快一年,最近在使用時候,常常被下面的「遊戲廣告」的聲音嚇到,有時候待在孩子身邊,廣告聲音真的會突然的冒出來,之前的廣告都是一些靜態的也不會有聲音,雖然我是沒有花錢買沒廣告,沒什麼資格要求,但至少也讓廣告不要有聲音吧!! 2025/8/13 新增評論 依然超煩的廣告聲音,這個app我時常開著,每次安安靜靜小孩在睡的時候,又是廣告聲音很大聲,拜託!遊戲廣告就算了,還有那種交友軟體的,然後就會有女性聲音在說話,你們要置入廣告,也要挑一下吧?真的無言😑

— yujie1996

★★★☆☆ Taiwan · v9.0.5 · 4 Jan 2026

無法上傳照片

更新後不能上傳照片了 一直顯示網路問題

— baaaaasba

★★★★★ United States · v7.12.2 · 26 Dec 2023

Every parent should own this app

Really helpful to help keep track of baby’s daily activities in an easy way

— Teddymemphis

★☆☆☆☆ United States · v7.12.0 · 23 Nov 2023

Useless app

I got the QR code from wife but there are no ways to enter it from the app. Please find a better English translator.

— d20191223

★★★★☆ Canada · v7.3.6 · 23 Oct 2021

Great app

Would gladly to pay a one time fee up to 20$ but not 45$ every year! You will have more revenue if you charge one time fee. There will be always new babies so you will have a continuous stream of income!

— Lutetium-1

★★☆☆☆ South Korea · v8.2.7 · 10 Feb 2025

애러가 나요

갑자기 오늘 수면과 기상 모두 느낌표가 뜹니다 연동된 안드로이드 남편 폰은 잘되는데 아이폰인 제 기록이 말썽이네요 ㅠㅠ 공유도 안되고

— 링가딩링

★★★☆☆ United States · v8.3.0 · 20 Jun 2025

Good app but noisy ads

Second kid second time using this app. The quality of the app logging system and sharing on multiple devices is fantastic but this time using the app the loud ads that start playing at random are horrible. They used to just be banner ads but now they are videos that keep startling my baby mid feed often breaking a latch. I want to keep liking this app, please fix your ads.

— Ferns n things

★★★★★ United States · v7.11.6 · 25 Oct 2023

Life is easier with this app

This app has revolutionized my experience as a new parent! It’s truly been a lifesaver, providing me with a plethora of useful features and making parenting a breeze. From tracking feeding schedules, diaper changes, and sleep patterns to offering growth milestones and visualizations, this app covers it all. It's user-friendly, intuitive, and has simplified the overwhelming task of managing my baby's daily routine. With its convenient features like a feeding tracker, sleep monitoring, and growth tracking, along with seamless synchronization across devices, this app has become an invaluable companion. I highly recommend this fantastic baby tracker app to all parents—it's a game-changer that will undoubtedly make their lives easier and more enjoyable.

— Loki0912

★☆☆☆☆ United States · v6.10.2 · 30 May 2021

Can’t track time correctly

It used 5 minute increments instead of just recording the actual time for events. How can the developers be so stupid??

— btcwis

★★★★☆ United States · v6.5.1 · 15 Sept 2020

4/5

Nice app intuitive design

— vkjz77

★★☆☆☆ Singapore · v8.2.7 · 10 Feb 2025

Latest update got problem

Just download the latest update today 10 Feb but there is error. Is doesn’t sync. Please don’t update everyone

— koowoeyr

★★★☆☆ Singapore · v7.8.15 · 19 Apr 2023

Wrong calculation

Great app but sometimes the calculation forthe number of hours of sleep is wrong

— CheLi94

★★★★★ United States · v7.8.17 · 12 Jun 2023

Great app

App is great especially for allowing multiple people to update the logs. I would like them to add the amount per feed along with the feeding time in a single view in the summary. This allows us to see more easily see a pattern in our baby's daily feed schedule.

— C2777

★☆☆☆☆ Singapore · v6.1.2 · 2 Jun 2020

Advertise a sharing function that is not working

Look like a very useful app that provide data sharing between parents. But I look into the app for 1 hour and have no clue how to link or share our baby’s data from my wife’s phone to mine. Thumbs down!

— Spidercrown

★★★★☆ United States · v6.2.2 · 7 Jul 2020

Nantie

I’m the nanny/auntie 😉 Nantie and while daddy is deployed I’m helping track feedings. This really easy to use for anybody. My only recommendation would be making the emojis faster to scroll/search or maybe I need a bigger iPhone🤷🏾‍♀️.

— Chrissy Bear22

★★☆☆☆ United States · v7.15.2 · 20 Apr 2024

Recent update removed widget-please fix

As per title, after the recent update, Piyolog widget is gone!

— meowuser

★★★☆☆ Canada · v7.5.11 · 22 Feb 2022

If no ads better

Ads block too expensive

— MorsonC

PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker price by country

A monthly subscription costs $0.51 in Turkey and $4.83 in Switzerland — 9× more for the same thing. Below is the going rate for each plan in every country that sells it — the middle price of what the app charges there, in the country's own currency with the dollar equivalent beneath it.

Country MonthlyAnnual
Afghanistan $3.49 $34.99
Albania $4.19 $41.99
Algeria $3.49 $34.99
Angola $3.49 $34.99
Anguilla $3.49 $34.99
Antigua And Barbuda $3.49 $34.99
Argentina $3.49 $34.99
Armenia $3.49 $34.99
Australia A$5.99$4.16 A$54.99$38.19
Austria €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Azerbaijan $3.49 $34.99
Bahamas $3.49 $34.99
Bahrain $3.49 $34.99
Barbados $3.49 $34.99
Belarus $3.49 $34.99
Belgium €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Belize $3.49 $34.99
Benin $3.49 $34.99
Bermuda $3.49 $34.99
Bhutan $3.49 $34.99
Bolivia $3.49 $34.99
Bosnia & Herzegovina €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Botswana $3.49 $34.99
Brazil R$13.90$2.66 R$134.90$25.84
British Virgin Islands $3.49 $34.99
Brunei Darussalam $3.49 $34.99
Bulgaria €3.79$4.26 €36.99$41.61
Burkina Faso $3.49 $34.99
Cambodia $3.49 $34.99
Cameroon $3.49 $34.99
Canada CA$4.99$3.51 CA$45.99$32.39
Cape Verde $3.49 $34.99
Cayman Islands $3.49 $34.99
Chad $3.49 $34.99
Chile CLP 2,500$2.55 CLP 23,900$24.34
China CN¥26.00$3.87 CN¥248.00$36.90
Colombia COP 13,900$4.20 COP 134,900$40.74
Congo $3.49 $34.99
Congo, Democratic Republic $3.49 $34.99
Costa Rica $3.49 $34.99
Cote Divoire $3.49 $34.99
Croatia €3.98$4.48 €38.49$43.30
Cyprus €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Czech Republic CZK 99.00$4.56 CZK 959.00$44.13
Denmark DKK 29.00$4.36 DKK 289.00$43.46
Dominica $3.49 $34.99
Dominican Republic $3.49 $34.99
Ecuador $3.49 $34.99
Egypt EGP 69.99$1.34 EGP 659.99$12.64
El Salvador $3.49 $34.99
Estonia €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Fiji $3.49 $34.99
Finland €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
France €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Gabon $3.49 $34.99
Gambia $3.49 $34.99
Georgia $3.49 $34.99
Germany €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Ghana $3.49 $34.99
Greece €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Grenada $3.49 $34.99
Guatemala $3.49 $34.99
Guinea-bissau $3.49 $34.99
Guyana $3.49 $34.99
Honduras $3.49 $34.99
Hong Kong HK$28.00$3.57 HK$273.00$34.78
Hungary HUF 1,390$4.24 HUF 12,790$39.06
Iceland $4.33 $43.39
India ₹299.00$3.10 ₹2,849.00$29.57
Indonesia IDR 55,000$3.07 IDR 499,000$27.89
Iraq $3.49 $34.99
Ireland €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Israel ₪13.90$4.56 ₪125.90$41.28
Italy €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Jamaica $3.49 $34.99
Japan ¥400$2.53 ¥3,800$24.08
Jordan $3.49 $34.99
Kazakhstan KZT 1,390.00$3.13 KZT 13,490.00$30.36
Kenya $3.49 $34.99
Kosovo €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Kuwait $3.49 $34.99
Kyrgyzstan $3.49 $34.99
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic $3.49 $34.99
Latvia €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Lebanon $3.49 $34.99
Liberia $3.49 $34.99
Libya $3.49 $34.99
Lithuania €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Luxembourg €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Macao $3.49 $34.99
Macedonia $3.49 $34.99
Madagascar $3.49 $34.99
Malawi $3.49 $34.99
Malaysia MYR 14.90$3.65 MYR 144.90$35.51
Maldives $3.49 $34.99
Mali $3.49 $34.99
Malta €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Mauritania $3.49 $34.99
Mauritius $3.49 $34.99
Mexico MX$69.00$3.79 MX$669.00$36.74
Micronesia $3.49 $34.99
Moldova $3.49 $34.99
Mongolia $3.49 $34.99
Montenegro €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Montserrat $3.49 $34.99
Morocco $3.49 $34.99
Mozambique $3.49 $34.99
Myanmar $3.49 $34.99
Namibia $3.49 $34.99
Nauru $3.49 $34.99
Nepal $3.49 $34.99
Netherlands €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
New Zealand NZ$6.49$3.65 NZ$60.99$34.26
Nicaragua $3.49 $34.99
Niger $3.49 $34.99
Nigeria NGN 1,300.00$0.98 NGN 12,700.00$9.55
Norway NOK 39.00$4.05 NOK 375.00$38.98
Oman $3.49 $34.99
Pakistan PKR 570$2.06 PKR 5,500$19.87
Palau $3.49 $34.99
Panama $3.49 $34.99
Papua New Guinea $3.49 $34.99
Paraguay $3.49 $34.99
Peru PEN 11.90$3.46 PEN 114.90$33.40
Philippines ₱189.00$3.02 ₱1,790.00$28.59
Poland PLN 16.99$4.37 PLN 162.99$41.90
Portugal €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Qatar QAR 13.99$3.84 QAR 127.99$35.16
Romania RON 18.99$4.01 RON 174.99$36.92
Russia RUB 269.00$3.22 RUB 2,690.00$32.22
Rwanda $3.49 $34.99
Sao Tome & Principe $3.49 $34.99
Saudi Arabia SAR 14.99$4.00 SAR 137.99$36.80
Senegal $3.49 $34.99
Serbia €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Seychelles $3.49 $34.99
Sierra Leone $3.49 $34.99
Singapore SGD 4.98$3.89 SGD 47.98$37.48
Slovakia €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Slovenia €3.99$4.49 €36.99$41.61
Solomon Islands $3.49 $34.99
South Africa ZAR 59.99$3.60 ZAR 569.99$34.21
South Korea ₩4,900$3.63 ₩45,000$33.37
Spain €3.99$4.64 €36.99$43.01
Sri Lanka $3.49 $34.99
St. Kitts and Nevis $3.49 $34.99
St. Lucia $3.49 $34.99
St. Vincent & The Grenadines $3.49 $34.99
Suriname $3.49 $34.99
Swaziland $3.49 $34.99
Sweden SEK 45.00$4.48 SEK 409.00$40.74
Switzerland CHF 4.00$4.83 CHF 37.00$44.63
Taiwan NT$120.00$3.77 NT$1,190.00$37.36
Tajikistan $3.49 $34.99
Tanzania TZS 8,500.00$3.21 TZS 79,900.00$30.17
Thailand THB 109.00$3.25 THB 1,100.00$32.78
Tonga $3.49 $34.99
Trinidad and Tobago $3.49 $34.99
Tunisia $3.49 $34.99
Turkey TRY 24.99$0.51 TRY 234.99$4.78
Turkmenistan $3.49 $34.99
Turks and Caicos $3.49 $34.99
Uganda $3.49 $34.99
Ukraine $3.49 $34.99
United Arab Emirates AED 13.99$3.81 AED 134.99$36.78
United Kingdom £3.49$4.62 £33.99$44.96
United States $3.49 $34.99
Uruguay $3.49 $34.99
Uzbekistan $3.49 $34.99
Vanuatu $3.49 $34.99
Venezuela $3.49 $34.99
Vietnam ₫87,000$3.35 ₫819,000$31.57
Yemen $3.49 $34.99
Zambia $3.49 $34.99
Zimbabwe $3.49 $34.99

PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker FAQ

Is PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker free?
Yes. The app and its basic features are free, in all 175 countries it sells in. Premium features are paid: they start from $3.49 (US), across 2 subscriptions.
How much does PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker cost per month?
PiyoLog Premium Monthly Plan is $3.49 (US). The annual plan works out cheaper per month: $34.99 a year.
Does PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker have a free trial?
Yes — free trials of 14 days or 1 month (US), depending on the plan.
Where is PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker cheapest?
A monthly subscription costs TRY 24.99 (≈$0.51) in Turkey and CHF 4.00 (≈$4.83) in Switzerland, its cheapest and dearest countries.
What are the best alternatives to PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker?
亲宝宝-记录成长,科学育儿 (4.9 from 320,513 reviews, premium from $6.99), ninaru - 妊娠したら妊婦さんのための陣痛・妊娠アプリ (4.9 from 155,447 reviews) and Growth: baby & child charts (4.9 from 62,673 reviews, premium from $2.99).

PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker download

Last updated 3 days ago.

PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker sells in 175 countries. It was released 9 years and 2 months ago, on 9 Jul 2017. It holds a 4.8 rating from 160,257 reviews.

Supports 9 languages: English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Chinese, Spanish.

How much does PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker make?

Third-party estimates for the last 30 days, worldwide — not the store's own figures, which Apple publishes for nobody.

Revenue $20K
Downloads 40K
Products on sale 2

Revenue by plan

  • Monthly
  • Annual

Revenue by country

  • Japan
  • Taiwan
  • South Korea
  • Hong Kong
Open the full PiyoLog Baby Feeding Tracker analytics Revenue and downloads month by month, all 175 countries split out, and every product's share and trend